Biometry of the Submandibular Salivary Glands in Indian Population Using Computed Tomography : A Retrospective Study

Objectives : To study the biometric measurements of the submandibular salivary gland in the Indian population using Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods : From the available database, 300 patients who have undergone Computed Tomography without any salivary gland disease, the CT scans were retrospectively evaluated. The CT scans were obtained with TOSHIBA Activion 16 slice CT machine. The antero-posterior, transverse and cranio-caudal dimensions of bilateral submandibular salivary glands were measured in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes. Results : The mean CT measurements of the patients included was 2.0 ± 0.38 cm in Antero-posterior, 2.1 ± 0.31 cm in Transverse and 2.90 ± 0.27 cm in Cranio-caudal dimensions. The average volume of the submandibular gland was 6.68 ± 0.21 cc.

Spontaneous Nephrocutaneous Fistula in Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis — A Rare Complication

The formation of fistulous tract between the kidney and adjacent organs is not uncommon while cutaneous fistulization is a rarer occurrence. We present a case of Nephrocutaneous Fistula without prior history of surgery or interventional procedure. Our case involves long standing obstructive pyonephrosis secondary to obstructing calculus at the ureteropelvic junction which led to formation of a fistulous tract upto the skin surface. This patient had complaints of purulent discharge from the right flank region associated with fever spikes since the last 1 month. The cutaneous manifestation in specific location should raise the possibility of underlying renal pathology

An unusual case of loculated malignant pleural effusion mimicking an infected pericardial cyst

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is one of the frequent and distressing conditions identified at the advanced stage of different malignant conditions. This problem seems to affect patients with lung and breast malignancies which contribute to the lower life quality. Less commonly MPE presents as a loculated fluid collection. We present an unusual case of cystic fluid collection in contact with the heart appearing similar to a pericardial cyst, but on cytological examination turned out to be loculated MPE. Furthermore, there was the presence of malignant fissural effusion. This text highlights the unusual location of this loculated MPE along with a few characteristic features to differentiate it from the benign pericardial cyst